Shock Wave Physics as Related to Primary Non-Impact Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
نویسندگان
چکیده
ABSTRACT Introduction Blast overpressure exposure, an important cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI), may occur during combat or military training. TBI, most commonly mild is considered a signature recent in Iraq and Afghanistan. Low intensity primary blast-induced TBI (bTBI), caused by exposure to explosive shock wave, leaves no obvious physical external signs. Numerous studies have been conducted understand its biological effects; however, the role wave energy as related bTBI remains poorly understood. This report combines analysis with established effects on mouse provide insights into physics low outcomes from both open-air tube environments. Methods Shock peak pressure, rise time, positive phase duration, impulse, velocity, particle velocity were measured using Missouri blast model 16 experiments totaling 122 mice quantify properties. Open-air waves generated detonating 350-g 1-m suspended Composition C-4 charges targets elevated stands at 2.15, 3, 4, 7 m source. Results All sustained observable head movement, because experiencing lower dynamic pressures than calculated tubes. Impulse, pressure loading over was found be directly severity variable that relates bTBI. Discussion The properties including examined associated neurobehavioral deficits. blast-exposed ultrastructural abnormalities mitochondria, myelinated axons, synapses, implicating leads nanoscale damage providing link pathogenesis. reflected back target stand high-speed video compared incident velocity. Peak high sample rate sensors within 1% recorded camera, concluding close animal can useful information regarding brain, leading more advanced knowledge between tissue bTBIs.
منابع مشابه
Mechanisms of primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury: insights from shock-wave research.
Traumatic brain injury caused by explosive or blast events is traditionally divided into four phases: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injury. These phases of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) are biomechanically distinct and can be modeled in both in vivo and in vitro systems. The primary bTBI injury phase represents the response of brain tissue to the initial blast...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Military Medicine
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0026-4075', '1930-613X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa290